What does the Sulcus Sign assess?

The Sulcus Sign is used to assess shoulder instability, particularly inferior instability of the glenohumeral joint. This test involves pulling the arm downward while the patient is seated or supine, creating a visible indentation or "sulcus" beneath the acromion if the shoulder is unstable. A positive Sulcus Sign indicates excessive inferior translation of the humeral head, suggesting that the stabilizing structures of the shoulder, such as the glenohumeral ligaments and the labrum, may be compromised.

This assessment is particularly critical in physical therapy and orthopedic settings, as shoulder instability can lead to recurrent dislocation or chronic pain, significantly affecting a patient's function and quality of life. By focusing on the integrity of the shoulder joint, the Sulcus Sign helps health professionals devise appropriate treatment plans to improve joint stability and overall shoulder function.